WhatsApp's popularity has made it not only an essential tool for daily communication but also a recurring target for cybercriminals. Although the app incorporates advanced security measures such as end-to-end encryption, the most successful attacks are often motivated by users' ignorance and overconfidence. WhatsApp scams often leverage social engineering and identity theft., causing the victim to voluntarily hand over confidential information, personal data, or even money, without realizing that they are being manipulated. Therefore, it is essential to know What data you should never share on WhatsApp and how to strengthen your security against new fraud trends.
Why is WhatsApp a frequent target for scammers?
WhatsApp is one of the most widely used messaging apps worldwide, making it easy for criminals to reach a large number of potential victims. The ease of sharing files, messages, links and personal data makes the app a breeding ground for all kinds of scams.Furthermore, many users associate the app with a secure and private environment, lowering their guard against suspicious requests or unknown contacts. This has allowed social engineering techniques to become increasingly sophisticated and easy to exploit.
Among the most common attacks are:
- Identity fraud: Scammers pose as family members, friends, or government agencies to obtain sensitive information.
- Requests for urgent assistance: messages in which a supposed acquaintance asks for money or information under a false emergency.
- Phishing and malicious links: attempts to direct the victim to fraudulent websites to steal their credentials.
- Downloading dangerous files: images, documents or audios that contain malware or spyware.
The presence of these frauds should not make us distrust technology, but rather encourage a responsible and conscious use of the tool, knowing the risks and protecting our personal information.
What personal data you should NEVER share on WhatsApp
WhatsApp's end-to-end encryption protects the content of your messages from third parties, but cannot prevent you from voluntarily handing over sensitive information to a cybercriminalTherefore, it's essential that you know the types of data you should never share through the app:
Banking and financial data
Never provide banking information such as your account number, credit cards, security codes (CVV), PIN codes, not even to those who claim to be bank or institution staff. No legitimate entity will request this information from you via WhatsApp or any other messaging app. If you receive a message with this type of request, you should block and report the sender. Also, share your experience with family and friends to prevent them from falling into the same trap.
Account credentials and passwords
Never reveal your usernames, passwords or authentication codes relating to digital services, social media, email, or apps. Sharing data like your Gmail, Facebook, banking, or other platform passwords could have devastating consequences: The attacker could take control of your accounts, access private data, and commit fraud in your name..
Verification and authentication codes
If during a WhatsApp conversation someone asks you for the verification code or two-step authentication that you've received via SMS or the app itself, never share it. This code is the key to accessing your account, and if you give it away, you could be a victim of account theft or access to other connected apps. Two-factor authentication is there to protect you, don't weaken it by sharing it with others..
Sensitive personal data
Avoid sharing your WhatsApp DNI, passport, postal address, secondary telephone number, Social Security number, employment information or scanned documentsThis information can be used to impersonate you and commit major fraud, both digitally and physically.
Real-time location
WhatsApp's location sharing feature can be very practical in certain situations, such as meeting up with friends or informing family members. However, You should reserve it only for people you trust completely.Sharing your location with strangers or unverified contacts can expose you to physical crime or harassment. Always think carefully before sharing your location or that of your children.
Compromising photos, videos and documents
Never send media that could affect your privacy or reputation if leaked, even if you completely trust the other person. Once shared, you lose control over where that information ends up.
Unknown links and files
Be wary of any file, link, or application that arrives via WhatsApp, even from known contacts. Many attacks begin with malware being forwarded by friends whose accounts have been compromised.Before opening any document or clicking a link, verify its authenticity and the source.
How to identify fraudulent messages and respond to a potential scam
The best defense against scams is to know the most common techniques used by criminals. The most common warning signs include:
- Emergency messages: They pressure you to act quickly, claiming there is an emergency or limited reward.
- Spelling or grammatical errors: Cybercriminals' texts often contain visible errors.
- Unusual requests for money: Even if they appear to be from a family member/friend, always confirm by calling.
- Links to unknown websites: Analyze them carefully; fraudulent sites try to imitate the originals.
- Request for confidential data: No legitimate company or contact will suddenly ask you for personal information.
If you receive a suspicious message, follow these steps:
- Do not reply or provide additional information..
- Ask a question that only your real contact would know: For example, "Where did we meet?", as recommended by the National Police. If they answer incorrectly or avoid answering, be suspicious.
- Verify your identity another way: Call the person directly or use another app to confirm the request.
- Block and report the contact on WhatsApp if you confirm that it is a scam attempt.
- Report the fraud to the authorities and INCIBE (National Cybersecurity Institute) if you have shared data or made transfers.
Key WhatsApp settings and features that improve your security
In addition to monitoring the information you share, it's vital that you adjust WhatsApp's privacy and security settings to make it harder for cybercriminals to access it. Some essential settings are:
Activate XNUMX-Step Verification
With this feature, you'll add an extra layer of protection to your account, as you'll need to enter an additional PIN when registering WhatsApp on a new device, preventing others from accessing it even if they get hold of your SIM. You can check out Learn more about WhatsApp Passkeys on Android.
- Open WhatsApp and go to Settings.
- select the section Account and then Two step verification.
- Press on Activate and enter a secure PIN code and your recovery email.
Configure who can see your personal information
- Within Settings> Account> Privacy, adjust who can see your last seen, profile picture, info, and status. Ideally, limit this to "My contacts" or even "No one," thereby reducing your exposure.
- You can turn off read receipts to avoid giving scammers clues about your habits.
Disable automatic file download
WhatsApp is configured to automatically download photos, videos, and documents, which can facilitate the entry of malicious files. It's recommended to customize the download for greater control:
- En Settings > Storage & data, adjust Automatic file download.
- Disable automatic downloads of photos, audio, videos, and documents, both over mobile data and Wi-Fi.
- This way, you can prevent the automatic installation of malware or spyware received from unknown senders, as well as filling your phone with unnecessary files.
Block and report suspicious numbers
For any strange contact, fraudulent message or request that does not inspire confidence, use the functions of blocking y report from the conversation itself to contribute to the overall security of users.
Always keep the application updated
Frequent updates include security patches that address vulnerabilities exploited by scammers. Enable automatic WhatsApp updates on your phone.
Advanced measures and additional tips to avoid WhatsApp fraud
- Do not share sensitive information even with trusted contacts; if their device has been hacked, they may unwittingly share your information.
- Avoid forwarding chain messages or suspicious promotions: many scams take advantage of these methods to go viral.
- Use security apps such as antivirus or firewalls on your device to detect malicious software.
- Beware of unknown numbersIf you don't have the number saved and the message requests information or money, be extremely cautious and verify the identity through another channel.
- Be wary of messages with an alarmist or unusual tone, even if they appear to come from acquaintances. Scams often exploit fear and urgency.
- Always update your applications messaging to prevent scammers from exploiting old security flaws.
The evolution of technology is also enabling the integration of innovative solutions such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and biometric authentication to strengthen digital security. While these technologies are still in the process of widespread adoption, they help identify suspicious patterns and prevent unauthorized access in real time. Furthermore, platforms like WhatsApp continue to develop tools to detect and block fraudulent accounts.
What to do if you've already been a victim of a scam or shared information?
- Contact your bank immediately to cancel transactions and block cards if you have provided financial information.
- Report the fraud to the authorities and the National Cybersecurity Institute (INCIBE).
- Inform your contacts to prevent them from falling into the same scam.
- Restore the security of your accounts by changing passwords and reviewing unauthorized access.
If you need specialized help, there are organizations such as INCIBE (via the toll-free number 017) and associations of computer experts that can guide you on how to proceed in the event of a digital scam.
The best defense against WhatsApp scams and fraud is information. and adopting responsible habits. Never share sensitive personal information if you're not absolutely sure of the other person's identity, set your privacy settings correctly, and stay up-to-date with new cybercriminal techniques. Sharing these tips and alerting those around you helps prevent others from falling into similar traps, thus strengthening the security of the entire community.
